Refractive errors are a set of eye conditions that occur because of an irregular eye shape which affects the way light is focused in the eye- these conditions result in blurry or distorted vision.

There are three different types of refractive errors, namely myopia/near sightedness (close up sight is normal, but distant objects are blurry), hyperopia/ far sightedness (objects at close range are blurry, while distant objects are not) and astigmatism where your vision is blurred at all distances.

Statistics

According to the WHO website (Resnikoff et al: 2004), uncorrected refractive errors account for 18.2% of global blindness, making it the 2nd biggest cause of blindness worldwide.

Risk factors

• As refractive errors are hereditary, people with a family history of a refractive error are at risk of having the condition themselves.
• Eye injury as well as certain ocular disorders, like keratoconus, can put a person at risk of developing a refractive error.

Prevention and treatment

• Diagnosis and correction of a refractive error is quite quick and simple. Blindness as a result of this condition is avoidable if the condition is corrected, which is why it is important that every person have an eye examination at least once every two years.
• Refractive errors can be corrected through the use of glasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery.
• Corrective measures are relatively cheap and readily available.